“Articles / Chapters” provides a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of otolaryngology. These articles are mainly intended for use by medical professionals.
Acute Otitis Media (AOM) – Clinical features, Treatment and Complications
Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is a clinical condition defined as sudden onset inflammation of mucosal lining of middle ear and mastoid air cells by pyogenic organisms for less than 6 […]
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Vestibular Neuronitis / Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy
Vestibular neuronitis, also known as acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy is a common disorder of unknown origin characterized by inflammation of vestibular nerve (VIII-th cranial nerve) confined with in bony internal […]
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Choanal Atresia – Clinical Features and Treatment
Choanal atresia is a rare congenital abnormality with a reported incidence of 1 in 5000 / 8000 live births. The condition is characterized by the partial or complete obstruction of […]
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Tornwaldt cyst – Clinical presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment
Tornwaldt cysts also spelled as Thornwaldt cyst or Thornwald cyst are benign, midline cystic swelling located in the roof of nasopharynx. It is also known as Pharyngeal bursa (Luschka Bursa). The […]
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Ototoxicity – Drug induced hearing loss
Ototoxicity is a chemical injury to the labyrinth occurring as a side effect of pharmacotherapy. An ototoxic insult may affect hearing, vestibular functions or both. Types of ototoxicity Reversible / […]
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Presbycusis – Age Associated Hearing Loss
Presbycusis, or age associated hearing loss, is a common cause of hearing loss in adults. The condition has very bad impact on the quality of life of millions of elderly […]
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Important Triangles in Thyroid Surgery
Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure involving removal of the thyroid glands. The procedure can be a hemi-thyroidectomy (partial removal) or can be a total thyroidectomy. The most important thing about […]
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TNM Staging of Salivary Gland Cancers
Once a person is diagnosed with cancer, the next step before deciding on treatment options is a determination of the stage of the cancer. Staging of salivary gland cancers is […]
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Classifications of Neck Dissection
Neck dissection (ND) is a complex surgical operation involving the removal of potential or proven metastases to cervical lymph nodes. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes […]
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Inverted Papilloma – Clinical features, Diagnosis and Treatment
Inverted papilloma is a rare, benign but locally aggressive neoplasm that arises in the Schneiderian epithelium which lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is also known as Ringertz […]
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Middle Ear Hearing Implants – An Overview
Middle ear hearing implants belongs to the group of Implantable Acoustics or Mechanical hearing devices which are used in rehabilitative management of patients with hearing loss, offering an alternative to […]
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Subglottic Stenosis – Clinical Features and Treatment
Subglottic stenosis is a clinical condition occurring due to the narrowing of the subglottic lumen of the larynx (voice box) at the region of the cricoid cartilage. Based on the […]
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Lymph Node Levels of Head and Neck
There are around 800 lymph nodes in the human body and of these approximately 300 are in the head and neck region. Pathological conditions including tumors, infection and inflammation, etc. […]
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First bite syndrome – Clinical presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment
First bite syndrome is a clinical condition occurring as a complication of surgeries involving the infratemporal fossa, deep lobe of the parotid gland, parapharyngeal spaces and manipulation or ligature of […]
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Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS)
Thyroid nodules are extremely common with a reported prevalence ranging between 8.2% and 64.6% in autopsies and 19% to 68% in adults on high-resolution ultrasound. Most of the time, thyroid […]
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