“Articles / Chapters” provides a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of otolaryngology. These articles are mainly intended for use by medical professionals.
Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology
Introduction Salivary gland lesions present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to their diverse and complex nature. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a valuable tool in the preoperative evaluation of these […]
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Meniere’s Disease – Clinical features, Diagnosis and Treatment
Meniere’s Disease (Ménière’s Disease) is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by a triad of severe dizziness (vertigo), ringing sensation in the ears (tinnitus) and fluctuating hearing loss, with […]
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Recurrent Parotitis of Childhood / Juvenile recurrent parotitis
Recurrent Parotitis of Childhood also known as Juvenile recurrent parotitis is second most common inflammatory disorder of salivary glands in childhood after mumps. It can occur at any age, but […]
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What are adenoids? Adenoid Hypertrophy, Clinical features and Adenoidectomy
Adenoids are a subepithelial collection of lymphoid tissue, which is present at the junction of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx. They increase in size up to the […]
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Clinical features, Diagnosis and Treatment of Otitis Media with Effusion
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is a clinical condition of ear characterized by chronic accumulation of serous / mucoid fluid within the middle ear or mastoid air cells for more […]
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Acute Otitis Media (AOM) – Clinical features, Treatment and Complications
Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is a clinical condition defined as sudden onset inflammation of mucosal lining of middle ear and mastoid air cells by pyogenic organisms for less than 6 […]
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Vestibular Neuronitis / Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy
Vestibular neuronitis, also known as acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy is a common disorder of unknown origin characterized by inflammation of vestibular nerve (VIII-th cranial nerve) confined with in bony internal […]
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Choanal Atresia – Clinical Features and Treatment
Choanal atresia is a rare congenital abnormality with a reported incidence of 1 in 5000 / 8000 live births. The condition is characterized by the partial or complete obstruction of […]
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Tornwaldt cyst – Clinical presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment
Tornwaldt cysts also spelled as Thornwaldt cyst or Thornwald cyst are benign, midline cystic swelling located in the roof of nasopharynx. It is also known as Pharyngeal bursa (Luschka Bursa). The […]
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Ototoxicity – Drug induced hearing loss
Ototoxicity is a chemical injury to the labyrinth occurring as a side effect of pharmacotherapy. An ototoxic insult may affect hearing, vestibular functions or both. Types of ototoxicity Reversible / […]
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Presbycusis – Age Associated Hearing Loss
Presbycusis, or age associated hearing loss, is a common cause of hearing loss in adults. The condition has very bad impact on the quality of life of millions of elderly […]
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Important Triangles in Thyroid Surgery
Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure involving removal of the thyroid glands. The procedure can be a hemi-thyroidectomy (partial removal) or can be a total thyroidectomy. The most important thing about […]
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TNM Staging of Salivary Gland Cancers
Once a person is diagnosed with cancer, the next step before deciding on treatment options is a determination of the stage of the cancer. Staging of salivary gland cancers is […]
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Classifications of Neck Dissection
Neck dissection (ND) is a complex surgical operation involving the removal of potential or proven metastases to cervical lymph nodes. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes […]
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Inverted Papilloma – Clinical features, Diagnosis and Treatment
Inverted papilloma is a rare, benign but locally aggressive neoplasm that arises in the Schneiderian epithelium which lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is also known as Ringertz […]
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