TNM Staging of Salivary Gland Cancers
Once a person is diagnosed with cancer, the next step before deciding on treatment options is a determination of the stage of the cancer. Staging of salivary gland cancers is […]
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Classifications of Neck Dissection
Neck dissection (ND) is a complex surgical operation involving the removal of potential or proven metastases to cervical lymph nodes. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes […]
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Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Nose Bleed (Epistaxis)
Nose bleed or Epistaxis is a common clinical condition that occurs at some point in at least 60% of people in the United States. While the majority of nosebleeds are […]
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Inverted Papilloma – Clinical features, Diagnosis and Treatment
Inverted papilloma is a rare, benign but locally aggressive neoplasm that arises in the Schneiderian epithelium which lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is also known as Ringertz […]
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Middle Ear Hearing Implants – An Overview
Middle ear hearing implants belongs to the group of Implantable Acoustics or Mechanical hearing devices which are used in rehabilitative management of patients with hearing loss, offering an alternative to […]
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Radiotherapy is better than TORS for Oropharyngeal Cancers – ORATOR Says
The mainstay of treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is chemoradiotherapy. The separation of oropharyngeal cancers into Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and negative based on the etiology has shown that […]
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Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Oropharyngeal Cancers
Prior to 1990, the mainstay of treatment for oropharyngeal cancers were surgeries. These large, invasive, open approaches like mandibulotomy, tongue pull through (described below), etc were associated with severe compromise […]
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Subglottic Stenosis – Clinical Features and Treatment
Subglottic stenosis is a clinical condition occurring due to the narrowing of the subglottic lumen of the larynx (voice box) at the region of the cricoid cartilage. Based on the […]
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Lymph Node Levels of Head and Neck
There are around 800 lymph nodes in the human body and of these approximately 300 are in the head and neck region. Pathological conditions including tumors, infection and inflammation, etc. […]
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First bite syndrome – Clinical presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment
First bite syndrome is a clinical condition occurring as a complication of surgeries involving the infratemporal fossa, deep lobe of the parotid gland, parapharyngeal spaces and manipulation or ligature of […]
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Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS)
Thyroid nodules are extremely common with a reported prevalence ranging between 8.2% and 64.6% in autopsies and 19% to 68% in adults on high-resolution ultrasound. Most of the time, thyroid […]
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ATA Risk Stratification for Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and the prevalence of differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasing worldwide. Among the differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and […]
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Ultrasound Otoscopes For Aiding Diagnosis Of Middle Ear Infections
Middle ear infections are one of the most common problems for a clinical visit to an otolaryngologist. The disease is more prevalent in pediatric populations but can affect any age […]
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AJCC / TNM Staging of thyroid cancers
After the diagnosis of any cancer in the body, doctors stage cancer. Staging of thyroid cancers describes how big it is and whether it has spread to any other parts […]
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Histopathological Variants of Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid
Papillary carcinoma thyroid (PTC) is the most common differentiated malignancy of thyroid gland. Depending on the different histopathological patterns, cell types and clinical features different variants of papillary carcinoma thyroid […]
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