throat

Laryngeal Exposure (Opening) Scores

Direct laryngoscopy is a routine procedure conducted to visualize the larynx (voice box), to access, evaluate and treat voice problems. Usually, the laryngoscope is placed through the mouth and the […]
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ENT Quiz – You guessed it right!

A 3-year-old boy presents with a midline anterior neck mass, just below the hyoid bone that moves with deglutition and tongue protrusion. Question: What is the most probable clinical diagnosis? Explanation […]
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Laryngomalacia – clinical features, surgical and medical management

Laryngomalacia also called “Dis-coordinate pharyngo-laryngomalacia” is the most common congenital lesion of the larynx (60-70%) and is the most common cause of congenital stridor in neonates and infants. The condition […]
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ENT Quiz – Resurgence of a disease of the past

A 6-year-old boy from a rural area presented to pediatric casualty with a history of throat pain, progressive swelling of the neck and moderate grade fever for the past 2 […]
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Total Laryngectomy – Evolution, Workup, Surgical steps and Complications

Total laryngectomy is a surgical procedure in which the entire larynx is removed by resecting the trachea and bringing out the lower stump as a respiratory opening in the anterior […]
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TNM AJCC Staging of Head & Neck Cancers

Staging of cancer refers to the classification of cancer by its anatomic disease extent, i.e, how large the tumor is, and if it has spread. This staging system of cancer […]
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Clinical practice guidelines for tonsillectomy

Tonsillectomy is the second most commonly performed surgery in the United States with more than 5,30,000 procedures performed on children younger than 15 years each year. Although tonsillectomy is a […]
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Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VI) is the inability to temporarily close the connection between nasopharynx and oropharynx, due to an anatomical dysfunction in soft palate (velum), lateral pharyngeal wall or posterior pharyngeal […]
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Calcific prevertebral tendinitis

Acute calcific prevertebral tendinitis also is known as calcific retropharyngeal tendinitis or prevertebral calcific tendinitis is a self-limiting clinical condition due to calcification and inflammation of longus colli muscle and […]
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