“Articles / Chapters” provides a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of otolaryngology. These articles are mainly intended for use by medical professionals.
Sialolithiasis / Salivary Stones – Clinical features, Treatment options
Sialolithiasis, or the formation of salivary stones, is a common disease affecting the salivary glands. The presence of stones (calculi) within the salivary gland ductal system or glandular tissue can […]
Posted on
Eagle syndrome or Styalgia: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Treatment
Eagle syndrome, also known as styalgia, stylohyoid syndrome, styloid syndrome, or styloid–carotid artery syndrome, is a rare clinical condition resulting from an elongated or malformed styloid process. This abnormality can […]
Posted on
Lemierre’s syndrome
Lemierre’s syndrome (also known as postanginal septicemia) is a rare, life-threatening complication of oropharyngeal / deep neck space infections (parapharyngeal abscess, retropharyngeal abscess etc..) with significant mortality. It is the septic […]
Posted on
Important Triangles in Thyroid Surgery
Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure involving removal of the thyroid glands. The procedure can be a hemi-thyroidectomy (partial removal) or can be a total thyroidectomy. The most important thing about […]
Posted on
Classifications of Neck Dissection
Neck dissection (ND) is a complex surgical operation involving the removal of potential or proven metastases to cervical lymph nodes. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes […]
Posted on
Lymph Node Levels of Head and Neck
There are around 800 lymph nodes in the human body and of these approximately 300 are in the head and neck region. Pathological conditions including tumors, infection and inflammation, etc. […]
Posted on
First bite syndrome – Clinical presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment
First bite syndrome is a clinical condition occurring as a complication of surgeries involving the infratemporal fossa, deep lobe of the parotid gland, parapharyngeal spaces and manipulation or ligature of […]
Posted on
Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS)
Thyroid nodules are extremely common with a reported prevalence ranging between 8.2% and 64.6% in autopsies and 19% to 68% in adults on high-resolution ultrasound. Most of the time, thyroid […]
Posted on
ATA Risk Stratification for Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and the prevalence of differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasing worldwide. Among the differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and […]
Posted on
AJCC / TNM Staging of thyroid cancers
After the diagnosis of any cancer in the body, doctors stage cancer. Staging of thyroid cancers describes how big it is and whether it has spread to any other parts […]
Posted on
Histopathological Variants of Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid
Papillary carcinoma thyroid (PTC) is the most common differentiated malignancy of thyroid gland. Depending on the different histopathological patterns, cell types and clinical features different variants of papillary carcinoma thyroid […]
Posted on
Compartment Surgery in Oral Cancers
Main modality of treatment for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma is surgery. Patients with advanced risk factors like margin positivity, perineural invasion, advanced disease, etc need postoperative radiotherapy. Significant advances […]
Posted on
TNM AJCC Staging of Head & Neck Cancers
Staging of cancer refers to the classification of cancer by its anatomic disease extent, i.e, how large the tumor is, and if it has spread. This staging system of cancer […]
Posted on
Carotid Body Tumors / Chemodectoma – Clinical features and Treatment
Carotid body tumor, also known as carotid body paraganglioma or chemodectoma, is a highly vascular tumor, arising from chromaffin (paraganglion) cells of the extra-adrenal tissues in the carotid body. Anatomy […]
Posted on
Shamblin classification of carotid body tumors
Carotid body tumour, also known as a chemodectoma or carotid body paraganglioma, are highly vascular tumors arising from the paraganglion cells of the carotid body. These tumors are located at the site of […]
Posted on