“Articles / Chapters” provides a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of otolaryngology. These articles are mainly intended for use by medical professionals.
Fungal rhinosinusitis – Clinical features, Types and Management
Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is a complex and heterogeneous condition, with the role of fungal agents in its pathogenesis remaining incompletely understood. Although fungi can be cultured from the nasal secretions […]
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Anterior Palatoplasty / Cautery-Assisted Palatal Stiffening Operation
Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often result from anatomical and functional collapse of the upper airway, with palatal flutter accounting for over 80% of snoring cases. The Cautery-Assisted Palatal […]
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Sialolithiasis / Salivary Stones – Clinical features, Treatment options
Sialolithiasis, or the formation of salivary stones, is a common disease affecting the salivary glands. The presence of stones (calculi) within the salivary gland ductal system or glandular tissue can […]
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Eagle syndrome or Styalgia: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Treatment
Eagle syndrome, also known as styalgia, stylohyoid syndrome, styloid syndrome, or styloid–carotid artery syndrome, is a rare clinical condition resulting from an elongated or malformed styloid process. This abnormality can […]
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Tonsillectomy – Indications, Contraindications and Complications
Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of both palatine tonsils from the back of the throat. This operation is primarily performed to treat recurrent tonsillitis, throat […]
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HIV Associated Salivary Gland Disease
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) associated salivary gland disease is seen in 4-8% of adults and children with HIV, most commonly present as enlarged gland. The condition is one of the […]
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Mumps / Epidemic parotitis / Viral parotitis
Parotitis is a clinical condition marked by the swelling and inflammation of the parotid glands. It can arise from various causes, including obstruction of the parotid duct (such as sialolithiasis), […]
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Lemierre’s syndrome
Lemierre’s syndrome (also known as postanginal septicemia) is a rare, life-threatening complication of oropharyngeal / deep neck space infections (parapharyngeal abscess, retropharyngeal abscess etc..) with significant mortality. It is the septic […]
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Retropharyngeal Abscess – Clinical Presentation and Treatment
Retropharyngeal abscess is a potentially life-threatening condition, when infection tracts to lymphoid tissue between posterior pharyngeal wall and prevertebral fascia. Anatomy of Retropharyngeal space The retropharyngeal space lies immediately posterior […]
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Parapharyngeal Abscess
Parapharyngeal abscess is a life-threatening infection, due to spread of infection to the parapharyngeal space. Epidemiology Can occur in any age group Most common causes are tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, dental […]
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Parapharyngeal Space Anatomy and Clinical Importance
Parapharyngeal space (PPS) is a potential space filled with fat and areolar tissue, lying laterally on either side of pharynx, bounded and subdivided by various condensation of fascia. It is […]
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Peritonsillar abscess / Quinsy – Clinical presentation and Treatment
Peritonsillar abscess commonly known as Quinsy is localized collections of pus in the peritonsillar space usually occurs as a complication of acute tonsillitis. Peritonsillar space fibrous capsule of palatine tonsils […]
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Acute Tonsillitis – Clinical presentation and Treatment
Acute tonsillitis is an inflammatory condition of tonsil lasting less than 3 weeks duration. The tonsils are composed of lymphatic tissue and are a component of Waldeyer’s ring in the […]
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Anatomy and Physiology of Tonsils
Tonsils are a pair of small, soft tissue masses located at the back of the throat, one on each side. Scientifically, tonsils are part of the lymphatic system and are […]
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Waldeyer’s ring
Waldeyer’s ring is a ring of lymphoid tissue surrounding the nasopharynx and oropharynx. These are sites of first immunological contact for antigens in childhood. These are also called nasal-associated lymphoid tissue […]
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